A Systematic Review of Elementary School Children’s Development in the Context of Learning in Basic Education

Abstract

Elementary school children’s development is an important aspect that influences the learning process in basic education. This study aims to examine the development of elementary school children and its implications for learning through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The study employed the SLR method with the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion based on the PRISMA flow. Literature searches were conducted through Google Scholar and accredited national journals. Based on the selection process, 12 articles that met the criteria were obtained for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the development of elementary school children includes cognitive, social, emotional, and moral aspects that influence the learning process. Cognitive development indicates that students are in the concrete operational stage and therefore require concrete learning methods. In addition, social and emotional development highlights the importance of collaborative learning and a supportive learning environment. Meanwhile, moral development indicates the need for the integration of character education in learning. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that learning in elementary schools needs to be designed adaptively according to students’ developmental characteristics in order to create a more effective and meaningful learning process.